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However, there is no hard and fast definition as to what is classified as "long" or "short" and mostly relies on the economic perspective being taken. Marshall's original introduction of long-run and short-run economics reflected the 'long-period method' that was a common analysis used by classical political economists.
The maximum theorem provides conditions for the continuity of an optimized function and the set of its maximizers with respect to its parameters. The statement was first proven by Claude Berge in 1959. [1] The theorem is primarily used in mathematical economics and optimal control.
In economics, the Metzler paradox (named after the American economist Lloyd Metzler) is the theoretical possibility that the imposition of a tariff on imports may reduce the relative internal price of that good. [1] It was proposed by Lloyd Metzler in 1949 upon examination of tariffs within the Heckscher–Ohlin model. [2]
"The Maximum Principle". Optimal Control Theory and Static Optimization in Economics. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 127– 168. ISBN 0-521-33158-7. Takayama, Akira (1985). "Developments of Optimal Control Theory and Its Applications". Mathematical Economics (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 600– 719.
The theory entails that there is a limit to how much one factor can be substituted for another. When production reaches a point where substitution between the factors becomes impossible (MP LK), the isoquant becomes positively sloping. No rational entrepreneur will operate at a point outside the ridge lines (Region of Economic Nonsense). [1]
The total cost curve, if non-linear, can represent increasing and diminishing marginal returns.. The short-run total cost (SRTC) and long-run total cost (LRTC) curves are increasing in the quantity of output produced because producing more output requires more labor usage in both the short and long runs, and because in the long run producing more output involves using more of the physical ...
If Walras's law has been satisfied, the optimal solution of the consumer lies at the point where the budget line and optimal indifference curve intersect, this is called the tangency condition. [3] To find this point, differentiate the utility function with respect to x and y to find the marginal utilities, then divide by the respective prices ...
Charles S. Peirce proposed an economic theory of scientific experimentation in 1876, which sought to maximize the precision of the estimates. Peirce's optimal allocation immediately improved the accuracy of gravitational experiments and was used for decades by Peirce and his colleagues.