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Rivers are an essential component of the terrestrial realm and have been a preferable location for human settlements during history. River is the main expression used for river channels themselves, riparian zones, floodplains and terraces, adjoining uplands dissected by lower channels and river deltas. [3]
The term anthropogenic designates an effect or object resulting from human activity. The term was first used in the technical sense by Russian geologist Alexey Pavlov, and it was first used in English by British ecologist Arthur Tansley in reference to human influences on climax plant communities. [20]
This list contains rivers and other streams that have been regarded, currently or historically, as among the most polluted in the world due to their quantity of pollution, the severity of different components of the stream's pollution, its impact on the local population, or a combination of all factors.
Human activities affect marine life and marine habitats through overfishing, habitat loss, the introduction of invasive species, ocean pollution, ocean acidification and ocean warming. These impact marine ecosystems and food webs and may result in consequences as yet unrecognised for the biodiversity and continuation of marine life forms.
A large reason for stream restoration is to remove nitrogren and phosphorus pollution. Excess nitrogen and phosphorus from anthropogenic activities have partaken in stream and river quality concerns such as drinking water contamination, hypoxia, and algal blooms. [10] There are different approaches one may take to offset these effects.
This stream operating together with its environment can be thought of as forming a river ecosystem. River ecosystems are flowing waters that drain the landscape, and include the biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions of its many parts.
Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic ecosystems and infrastructure. [67] [68] Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have increased since the 1850s due anthropogenic influences (emissions of greenhouse gases). [69] This leads to ocean acidification and is another form of water pollution from atmospheric contributions. [70]
This stream operating together with its environment can be thought of as forming a river ecosystem. River ecosystems are flowing waters that drain the landscape, and include the biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions of its many parts.