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Ascariasis is a disease caused by the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. [1] Infections have no symptoms in more than 85% of cases, especially if the number of worms is small. [1] Symptoms increase with the number of worms present and may include shortness of breath and fever at the beginning of the disease. [1]
Ascaris lumbricoides is a large parasitic roundworm of the genus Ascaris. It is the most common parasitic worm in humans. [1] An estimated 807 million–1.2 billion people are infected with A. lumbricoides worldwide. [2] People living in tropical and subtropical countries are at greater risk of infection.
Broad-spectrum benzimidazoles (such as albendazole and mebendazole) are the first line treatment of intestinal roundworm and tapeworm infections. Macrocyclic lactones (such as ivermectin ) are effective against adult and migrating larval stages of nematodes.
A. lumbricoides is the largest intestinal roundworm and is the most common helminth infection of humans worldwide. Infestation can cause morbidity by compromising nutritional status, [3] affecting cognitive processes, [4] inducing tissue reactions such as granuloma to larval stages, and by causing intestinal obstruction, which can be fatal.
As the infection continues and the larvae mature, there may be respiratory symptoms (Löffler's syndrome). The infection may then become chronic with mainly digestive symptoms. There may be respiratory, skin, and digestive symptoms of reinfection (when larvae migrate through the body) from the skin to the lungs and finally to the small intestine.
Hookworms are intestinal, blood-feeding, parasitic roundworms that cause types of infection known as helminthiases. Hookworm infection is found in many parts of the world, [1] and is common in areas with poor access to adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene.
Trichuris trichiura, Trichocephalus trichiuris or whipworm, is a parasitic roundworm (a type of helminth) that causes trichuriasis (a type of helminthiasis which is one of the neglected tropical diseases) when it infects a human large intestine.
Mebendazole is a highly effective, broad-spectrum antihelmintic indicated for the treatment of nematode infestations, including roundworm, hookworm, whipworm, threadworm (pinworm), and the intestinal form of trichinosis prior to its spread into the tissues beyond the digestive tract.