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Orf is a zoonotic disease, meaning humans can contract this disorder through direct contact with infected sheep and goats or with fomites carrying the orf virus. [6] It causes a purulent-appearing papule locally and generally no systemic symptoms.
Vaccination is the primary remedy for the control of the disease in several countries, whereby immunisation reduces the spread of infection, leading to a gradual decline in incidence of the disease. However, proprietary caseous lymphadenitis vaccine is still not available, which would be a complete protection against the disease. [5] [8]
Sheep and goats are both small ruminants with cosmopolitan distributions due to their being kept historically and in modern times as grazers both individually and in herds in return for their production of milk, wool, and meat. [1] As such, the diseases of these animals are of great economic importance to humans.
C. pseudotuberculosis causes a disease known as caseous lymphadenitis that most commonly affects small ruminants, such as goats and sheep. [9] [10] The disease often presents with pyogranulomatous abscess formation. [11] Abscessation can occur in numerous areas, but it most commonly affects the cutaneous region and superficial lymph nodes.
Four species infect humans: B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, and B. suis. B. abortus is less virulent than B. melitensis and is primarily a disease of cattle. B. canis affects dogs. B. melitensis is the most virulent and invasive species; it usually infects goats and occasionally sheep. B. suis is of intermediate virulence and chiefly ...
Biologists deduced that the greatest limiting factor for Bighorn sheep populations is the deadly disease caused by contact with domestic sheep and goats. [11] Domestic sheep are seemingly unaffected by M. ovipneumoniae and to compound the problems in bighorn sheep, lamb survival can remain dangerously low for decades after an outbreak.
Sheeppox virus (SPV) is the most severe of all the animal pox diseases and can result in some of the most significant economic consequences due to poor wool and leather quality. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Goatpox is a similar disease of goats , caused by a virus antigenically distinct from sheeppox virus .
Louping-ill is a tick-transmitted disease whose occurrence is closely related to the distribution of the primary vector, the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus. It also causes disease in red grouse, and can affect humans. The name 'louping-ill' is derived from an old Scottish word describing the effect of the disease in sheep whereby they 'loup' or ...