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2. Kidney stone disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease

   Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [2] A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. [2]

3. Hydronephrosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydronephrosis

   The signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis depend upon whether the obstruction is acute or chronic, partial or complete, unilateral or bilateral. Hydronephrosis that occurs acutely with sudden onset (as caused by a kidney stone) can cause intense pain in the flank area (between the hips and ribs) known as a renal colic. Historically, this type of ...

4. Numerous factors can cause kidney disease. Here are the ... - AOL

   www.aol.com/numerous-factors-cause-kidney...

   AKI - the other main type of kidney disease - can be caused by dehydration, blood loss, urinary tract obstructions such as kidney stones or blood clots, low blood pressure, or heart disease. It ...

5. Calculus (medicine) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_(medicine)

   Human gallstones, all removed from one patient. Grid scale 1 mm. Calculi in the inner ear are called otoliths; Calculi in the urinary system are called urinary calculi and include kidney stones (also called renal calculi or nephroliths) and bladder stones (also called vesical calculi or cystoliths).

6. Renal tubular acidosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_tubular_acidosis

   Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a medical condition that involves an accumulation of acid in the body due to a failure of the kidneys to appropriately acidify the urine. [1] In renal physiology, when blood is filtered by the kidney, the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron, allowing for exchange of salts, acid equivalents, and other solutes before it drains into the bladder as urine.

7. Distal renal tubular acidosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distal_renal_tubular_acidosis

   Because renal excretion is the primary means of eliminating acid from the body, there is consequently a tendency towards acidemia. This leads to the clinical features of dRTA: [2] Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis/acidemia; Hypokalemia; Urinary stone formation (related to alkaline urine, hypercalciuria, and low urinary citrate). [3]