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Ureteroscopy is an examination of the upper urinary tract, usually performed with a ureteroscope that is passed through the urethra and the bladder, and then directly into the ureter. [1] The procedure is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders such as kidney stones and urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. [ 1 ]
The first to examine the ureter through an internal approach, called ureteroscopy, rather than surgery was Hampton Young in 1929. [30] This was improved on by VF Marshall who is the first published use of a flexible endoscope based on fiber optics, which occurred in 1964. [30]
Flexible cystoscopy is carried out with local anaesthesia on both sexes. Typically, a topical anesthetic, most often xylocaine gel (common brand names are Anestacon and Instillagel) is employed. The medication is instilled into the urethra via the urinary meatus five to ten minutes prior to the beginning of the procedure.
Instrument Uses Head Mirror with head band: to focus light into the cavity under inspection; mirror is concave and is used with a Chiron lamp to produce a parallel beam of light; doctor views through the hole (average diameter of mirror is 3 & 1/2" & that of hole is 1/4")
Most of the time this is achieved by advancing a needle from the flank skin into the kidney, known as the 'antegrade' technique. A 'retrograde' technique has recently been updated wherein a thin wire is passed from inside the kidney to outside the flank with the aid of a flexible ureteroscope. This technique may reduce radiation exposure for ...
Its flexible pressure-sensitive antenna provides over 95% accuracy in monitoring sleep activities, making it especially beneficial for elderly users, medical care settings and families with infants.
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The first to examine the ureter through an internal approach, called ureteroscopy, rather than surgery was Hampton Young in 1929. [10] This was improved on by VF Marshall who is the first published use of a flexible endoscope based on fiber optics, which occurred in 1964. [10]