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Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement Lower limit Upper limit ... 0 / negative [2] White blood cells (WBCs) 0 [2] 2 [2] pH: 5 [2] 7 [2 ...
Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine. In healthy persons, urine contains very little protein, less than 150 mg/day; an excess is suggestive of illness. Excess protein in the urine often causes the urine to become foamy (although this symptom may also be caused by other conditions).
A small quantity of red blood cells in the urine is considered normal. [93] [97] An increased level of RBCs is termed hematuria. Microscopic hematuria is sometimes observed in healthy people after exercise [98] or as a consequence of contamination of the sample with menstrual blood. [97]
The normal number of red blood cells in urine should not usually exceed 3 per high power field. [13] A urine test strip showing positive for blood can also indicate hemoglobinuria, which is not detectable using a microscope due to the lysis of red blood cells in the urinary tract (particularly in alkaline or dilute urine), or intravascular ...
Exceptions are mainly those values that denote total blood concentration, and in this article they are: [3] All values in Hematology – red blood cells (except hemoglobin in plasma) All values in Hematology – white blood cells; Platelet count (Plt) A few values are for inside red blood cells only: Vitamin B 9 (folic acid/folate) in red blood ...
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system , and specimens are easy to obtain. [ 1 ]
An analyte is a substance, chemical or biological, that is being analyzed using a certain instrument. While point-of-care testing is the quantification of one analyte from one in vitro (e.g., blood, plasma or urine) sample, multiplexed point-of-care testing is the simultaneous on-site quantification of various analytes from a single sample. [2]
Albuminuria is a pathological condition wherein the protein albumin is abnormally present in the urine (>30 mg per day). It is a type of proteinuria.Albumin is a major plasma protein (normally circulating in the blood); in healthy people, only trace amounts of it are present in urine, whereas larger amounts occur in the urine of patients with kidney disease.