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Vaterite, like aragonite, is a metastable phase of calcium carbonate at ambient conditions at the surface of the Earth. As it is less stable than either calcite, the most stable polymorph, [ 5 ] or aragonite, vaterite has a higher solubility than either of these phases.
At extremely low P CO 2, dissolved CO 2, bicarbonate ion, and carbonate ion largely evaporate from the solution, leaving a highly alkaline solution of calcium hydroxide, which is more soluble than CaCO 3. For P CO 2 = 10 −12 atm, the [Ca 2+][OH −] 2 product is still below the solubility product of Ca(OH) 2 (8 × 10 −6).
Calcium carbonate is also excreted at high rates during osmoregulation by fish, and can form in whiting events. [9] While this form of carbon is not directly taken from the atmospheric budget, it is formed from dissolved forms of carbonate which are in equilibrium with CO 2 and then responsible for removing this carbon via sequestration. [10]
Substance Formula 0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C 90 °C 100 °C Barium acetate: Ba(C 2 H 3 O 2) 2: 58.8: 62: 72: 75: 78.5: 77: 75
The aquatic inorganic carbon system is composed of the various ionic, dissolved, solid, and/or gaseous forms of carbon dioxide in water. These species include dissolved carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate anion, carbonate anion, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and others. The relative amounts of each species in a body of water ...
The precipitation of calcium carbonate is important as it results in a loss of alkalinity as well as a release of CO 2 (Equation 4), and therefore a change in the rate of preservation of calcium carbonate can alter the partial pressure of CO 2 in Earth's atmosphere. [16]
At the carbonate compensation depth, the rate of dissolution exactly matches the rate of supply of CaCO 3 from above. At steady state this depth, the CCD, is similar to the snowline (the first depth where carbonate-poor sediments occur). The lysocline is the depth interval between the saturation and carbonate compensation depths. [4] [1]
Microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a bio-geochemical process that induces calcium carbonate precipitation within the soil matrix. [1] Biomineralization in the form of calcium carbonate precipitation can be traced back to the Precambrian period. [ 2 ]