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Plays a role in immune defense against viruses: IL-29-Plays a role in host defenses against microbes: IL-30-Forms one chain of IL-27: IL-31: Th2 cells: IL31RA: May play a role in inflammation of the skin: IL-32-Induces monocytes and macrophages to secrete TNF-α, IL-8 and CXCL2: IL-33: epithelial cells: Induces helper T cells to produce type 2 ...
Some inflammatory cytokines have additional roles such as acting as growth factors. [5] Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α also trigger pathological pain. [1] While IL-1β is released by monocytes and macrophages, it is also present in nociceptive DRG neurons. IL-6 plays a role in neuronal reaction to an injury.
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. In humans, it is encoded by the IL6 gene. [5] In addition, osteoblasts secrete IL-6 to stimulate osteoclast formation. Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of many blood vessels also produce IL-6 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
It has been shown that inflammatory cytokines cause an IL-10-dependent inhibition of [24] T-cell expansion and function by up-regulating PD-1 levels on monocytes, which leads to IL-10 production by monocytes after binding of PD-1 by PD-L. [24] Adverse reactions to cytokines are characterized by local inflammation and/or ulceration at the ...
T h 17 cells play an important role in maintaining mucosal barriers and contributing to pathogen clearance at mucosal surfaces; such protective and non-pathogenic T h 17 cells have been termed as T reg 17 cells. [2] They have also been implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system.It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein [5] that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity.
3586 16153 Ensembl ENSG00000136634 ENSMUSG00000016529 UniProt P22301 P18893 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000572 NM_010548 RefSeq (protein) NP_000563 NP_034678 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 206.77 – 206.77 Mb Chr 1: 130.95 – 130.95 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Interleukin 10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti- inflammatory cytokine ...
Interleukin 17 family (IL17 family) is a family of pro-inflammatory cystine knot cytokines. [2] They are produced by a group of T helper cell known as T helper 17 cell in response to their stimulation with IL-23.