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The effect of water fluoridation on the natural environment has been investigated, and no adverse effects have been established. Issues studied have included fluoride concentrations in groundwater and downstream rivers; lawns, gardens, and plants; consumption of plants grown in fluoridated water; air emissions; and equipment noise. [54]
All vegetation contains some fluoride, which is absorbed from soil and water. [10] Some plants concentrate fluoride from their environment more than others. All tea leaves contain fluoride; however, mature leaves contain as much as 10 to 20 times the fluoride levels of young leaves from the same plant. [18] [19] [20]
Fluoride's effects depend on the total daily intake of fluoride from all sources. [19] About 70–90% of ingested fluoride is absorbed into the blood, where it distributes throughout the body. In infants 80–90% of absorbed fluoride is retained, with the rest excreted, mostly via urine; in adults about 60% is retained.
Fluoride, the chemical ion of the mineral fluorine, is naturally present in trace amounts, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in soil, water, plants, and some food ...
Fluoride has been added to public water supplies in the U.S. since the mid 20 th century, when research made it clear that fluoride in the water could significantly reduce tooth decay, when ...
Groups opposed to fluoride also raise concerns that it may affect children’s IQ levels. ... widely available in the mid-1970s found that adding fluoride to water systems reduced the number of ...
Ingested fluoride forms hydrofluoric acid in the stomach. In this form, fluoride crosses cell membranes and then binds with calcium and interferes with various enzymes. Fluoride is excreted through urine. Fluoride exposure limits are based on urine testing, which is used to determine the human body's capacity for ridding itself of fluoride. [69 ...
A 2024 Cochrane review article found that adding fluoride to drinking water may lead to slightly less tooth decay among children, but concluded that the practice’s effects are less dramatic ...