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Fruit bats, also known as flying foxes or megabats, are the 197 species of bats that make up the suborder Megachiroptera, found throughout the tropics of Africa, Asia, and Oceania, of which 186 are extant. The suborder is part of the order Chiroptera (bats), and contains a single family, Pteropodidae.
Their head and body length are usually 125–250 mm (5–10 in) and their wing span is about 508 mm (20 in) for the males. Mass ranges from 40 to 120 g (1.4 to 4.2 oz) and forearms are about 60–100 mm (2–4 in). This creature also has a tail that is hard to detect beneath the inter femoral membrane. [4] [5] [6] [7]
By 9 days old, all the milk teeth have emerged, with a dental formula of 2.1.2.0 2.1.2.0 and a total of 20 teeth. By 140 days old (4.6 months), all the milk teeth have fallen and been replaced by permanent teeth. The canines are usually replaced first, followed by the premolars, incisors, and then molars. [17]
The most complete dental formula is: I2/2, C 1/1, P3/3, M2/3 x 2 = 34. [50] The dental formula of 34 teeth is a homologous trait for megabats. [51] The total number of teeth varies among megabat species, and can range from 24 to 34. For example, some species of megabats have only 2 molars on either side of the lower jaw instead of 3.
The black flying fox has short, black hair with a contrasting reddish-brown mantle, and a mean forearm length of 164 mm (6.46 in) and a mean weight of 710 g (1.57 lb). It is one of the largest bat species in the world, and has a wingspan of more than 1 metre (39 in).
[1] The term Yinpterochiroptera is constructed from the words Pteropodidae (the family of megabats) and Yinochiroptera (a term proposed in 1984 by Karl F. Koopman to refer to certain families of microbats [2]). Recent studies using transcriptome data have found strong support for the Yinpterochiroptera-Yangochiroptera classification system. [3]
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Horsfield's fruit bat is a medium-sized megabat, intermediate in size between flying foxes and pygmy fruit bats.Adults weigh around 55 to 60 grams (1.9 to 2.1 oz), and have light-grey to brown fur, with a reddish-brown or orange mantle around the shoulders.