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Transonic flight makes special demands on horizontal stabilizers; when the local speed of the air over the wing reaches the speed of sound there is a sudden move aft of the center of pressure. Another role of a horizontal stabilizer is to provide longitudinal static stability.
Grumman F-14 Tomcat jet fighter during a takeoff, with stabilators deflected upwards. A stabilator is a fully movable aircraft horizontal stabilizer.It serves the usual functions of longitudinal stability, control and stick force requirements [1] otherwise performed by the separate parts of a conventional horizontal stabilizer (which is fixed) and elevator (which is adjustable).
Transonic (or transsonic) flow is air flowing around an object at a speed that generates regions of both subsonic and supersonic airflow around that object. [1] The exact range of speeds depends on the object's critical Mach number, but transonic flow is seen at flight speeds close to the speed of sound (343 m/s at sea level), typically between Mach 0.8 and 1.2.
Another critical addition was the use of a power-operated stabilator, also known as the all-moving tail or flying tail, a key to transonic and supersonic flight control, which contrasted with traditional hinged tailplanes (horizontal stabilizers) connected mechanically to the pilots control column.
Fly-By-Wire flight control systems can completely eliminate trim drag at transonic speeds, and reduce it substantially at supersonic speeds by using the tail as a lifting body, adding to wing lift, at subsonic speeds, transitioning to pushing down against the wing as in conventional designs at supersonic speeds, and just at Mach 1 going ...
a=chord, b=thickness, thickness-to-chord ratio = b/a The F-104 wing has a very low thickness-to-chord ratio of 3.36%. In aeronautics, the thickness-to-chord ratio, sometimes simply chord ratio or thickness ratio, compares the maximum vertical thickness of a wing to its chord.
Stabilator or all-moving tail: In transonic flight shock waves generated by the front of the tailplane render any elevator unusable. An all-moving tail was developed by the British for the Miles M.52 , but first saw actual transonic flight on the Bell X-1 ; Bell Aircraft Corporation had included an elevator trim device that could alter the ...
The information regarding unfavourable transonic/subsonic flight behavior for some of the tested projectiles is important. This is a limiting factor for extended range shooting use, because the effects of limit cycle yaw are not easily predictable and potentially catastrophic for the best ballistic prediction models and software.