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Teenage pregnancy, also known as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in a female under the age of 20. [5] Worldwide, pregnancy complications are the leading cause of death for women and girls 15 to 19 years old. [3] The definition of teenage pregnancy includes those who are legally considered adults in their country. [2]
The teenage pregnancy rate was 33.9 per 1,000. The Canadian teenage pregnancy rate declined for both younger (15–17) and older (18–19) teens between 1992 and 2002. [22] Canada's highest teen pregnancy rates occur in small towns located in rural parts of peninsular Ontario. Alberta and Quebec have high teen pregnancy rates as well.
Teenage pregnancy is also known as adolescent pregnancy. [181] The WHO defines adolescence as the period between the ages of 10 and 19 years. [ 182 ] Adolescents face higher health risks than women who give birth at age 20 to 24 and their infants are at a higher risk for preterm birth, low birth weight, and other severe neonatal conditions.
Teen births, aged 15–19, per 1,000 people by state, 2015. Teenage pregnancy in the United States occurs mostly unintentionally [1] and out of wedlock [2] [3] but has been declining almost continuously since the 1990s. [1] [4] [5] In 2022, the teenage birth rate fell to 13.5 per 1,000 girls aged 15 to 19, the lowest on record. [6]
Maternal health is the health of people during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.In most cases, maternal health encompasses the health care dimensions of family planning, preconception, prenatal, and postnatal care in order to ensure a positive and fulfilling experience.
The fetal origins hypothesis (differentiated from the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis, which emphasizes environmental conditions both before and immediately after birth) proposes that the period of gestation has significant impacts on the developmental health and wellbeing outcomes for an individual ranging from infancy to adulthood.
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[29] [31] Some sources suggest that health problems are also associated with teenage pregnancy. These may include high blood pressure, low birth weight and premature birth . [ 33 ] [ 34 ] Some studies note that adolescent pregnancy is often associated with poverty, low education, and inadequate family support. [ 35 ]