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  2. Float glass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Float_glass

    Float glass. Float glass is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal of a low melting point, typically tin, [1] although lead was used for the process in the past. [2] This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and a very flat surface. [3] The float glass process is also known as the Pilkington process, named ...

  3. Fourcault process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourcault_process

    The Fourcault process is a method of manufacturing plate glass. First developed in Belgium by Émile Fourcault [fr] (1862–1919) during the early 1900s, the process was used globally. Fourcault is an example of a "vertical draw" process, in that the glass is drawn against gravity in an upward direction. [1] Gravity forces influence parts of ...

  4. Glass production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_production

    Most float glass is soda–lime glass, but relatively minor quantities of special borosilicate [8] and flat panel display glass are also produced using the float glass process. [9] The float glass process is also known as the Pilkington process, [10] named after the British glass manufacturer Pilkington, who pioneered the technique (invented by ...

  5. Lehr (glassmaking) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehr_(glassmaking)

    Lehr (glassmaking) In the manufacture of float glass, a lehr oven is a long kiln with an end-to-end temperature gradient, which is used for annealing newly made glass objects that are transported through the temperature gradient either on rollers or on a conveyor belt. The annealing renders glass into a stronger material with fewer internal ...

  6. Glass melting furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_melting_furnace

    A glass melting furnace is designed to melt raw materials into glass. [1] Depending on the intended use, there are various designs of glass melting furnaces available. [2][3][4] They use different power sources. These sources are mainly fossil fueled or by fully electric power. A combination of both energy sources is also realized.

  7. Zone melting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_melting

    This process is also known as the float zone process, particularly in semiconductor materials processing. A diagram of the vertical zone refining process used to grow single-crystal ice from an initially polycrystalline material. The convection in the melt is a result of water's density maximum at 4 °C.

  8. Glass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass

    Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid. Because it is often transparent and chemically inert, glass has found widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in window panes, tableware, and optics. Some common objects made of glass like "a glass" of water, "glasses", and "magnifying glass", are named after the material. Glass is ...

  9. History of glass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_glass

    Most float glass is soda–lime glass, but relatively minor quantities of specialty borosilicate [57] and flat panel display glass are also produced using the float glass process. The success of this process lay in the careful balance of the volume of glass fed onto the bath, where it was flattened by its own weight. [58] Full scale profitable ...