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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow MRI is used to assess pulsatile CSF flow both qualitatively and quantitatively. Time-resolved 2D phase-contrast MRI with velocity encoding is the most common method for CSF analysis. [ 1 ]
Radionuclide cisternography may be used to diagnose a spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak. CSF pressure is measured and imaged over 24 hours. [2] A radionuclide (radioisotope) is injected by lumbar puncture (spinal tap) into the cerebral spinal fluid to determine if there is abnormal CSF flow within the brain and spinal canal which can be altered by hydrocephalus, Arnold–Chiari malformation ...
Contrast-enhanced brain MRI with sagittal reformats can assess for the following: [6] [8] Subdural fluid collections; Enhancement of the meninges; Engorgement of venous structures; Pituitary swelling; Sagging of the brain; For suspected spinal CSF leaks, spine imaging can be used to guide treatment. [8]
If a leak is identified, a beta-2 transferrin test of the leaking fluid, when positive, is highly specific and sensitive for the detection for CSF leakage. [34] Medical imaging such as CT scans and MRI scans can be used to investigate for a presumed CSF leak when no obvious leak is found but low CSF pressure is identified. [35]
In analysis of the fetal brain, MRI provides more information about gyration than ultrasound. [24] MRI is sensitive for the detection of brain abscess. [25] A number of different imaging modalities or sequences can be used with imaging the nervous system: T 1-weighted (T1W) images: Cerebrospinal fluid is dark.
Subdural hygromas require two conditions in order to occur. First, there must be a separation in the layers of the Meninges of the brain. Second, the resulting subdural space that occurs from the separation of layers must remain uncompressed in order for CSF to accumulate in the subdural space, resulting in the hygroma. [1]
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