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The source of contamination was later found to be a military fire-fighting exercise site in which PFAS containing fire-fighting foam had been used since the mid-1980s. [128] Additionally, low-level contaminated drinking water has also been shown to be a significant exposure source of PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS for Swedish adolescents (ages 10 ...
Food Standards Australia New Zealand found insufficient evidence to justify a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for PFHxS specifically. Therefore, the TDI level for PFOS (0.02 μg/kg) was adapted as the TDI for the sum of PFOS and PFHxS. Australia uses a drinking water guideline value of 0.07 μg/L for the sum of PFHxS and PFOS.
PFAS compounds and their derivatives are widely used in many products from water resistant textiles to fire-fighting foam. [ 4 ] [ 1 ] PFAS are commonly found in every American household in products as diverse as non-stick cookware, stain resistant furniture and carpets, wrinkle free and water repellent clothing, cosmetics, lubricants, paint ...
Fire-retardant foam, which contained PFAS compounds for decades, often found use at military bases and airstrips, causing costly pollution to nearby water sources. The U.S. Department of Defense ...
The risks of PFAS, sometimes known as "forever chemicals," have long been known. But it's more complicated than it sounds.
All of these methods promote the formation of hydroxyl radicals or other oxidizing agents that can oxidize PFAS and break its C−C bonds. [3] [4] However, the remediation of PFAS depends on the environmental medium where the these compounds reside. For example, the treatment of contaminated soil, biosolids and water is not the same, and risk ...
Story at a glance A group of potentially harmful chemicals called per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have repeatedly cropped up in headlines. But the sheer number of chemicals in this ...
Via contaminated water or soil, plants can take up PFDA. This may lead to exposure and accumulation of PFDA in humans and other organisms. [5] In addition, exposure is possible via inhalation of indoor and outdoor air and ingestion of drinking water and food. [3] Direct dermal contact with PFDA-containing products is the main route of exposure. [5]
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