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It is the only protein known to form photoinduced radical-pairs in animals. [5] The function of cryptochrome varies by species, but its mechanism is always the same: exposure to blue light excites an electron in a chromophore , which causes the formation of a radical-pair whose electrons are quantum entangled , enabling the precision needed for ...
Most toothed whales use clicks in a series, or click train, for echolocation, while the sperm whale may produce clicks individually. Toothed whale whistles do not appear to be used in echolocation. Different rates of click production in a click train give rise to the familiar barks, squeals and growls of the bottlenose dolphin .
In passive electrolocation, the animal senses the weak bioelectric fields generated by other animals and uses it to locate them. These electric fields are generated by all animals due to the activity of their nerves and muscles. A second source of electric fields in fish is the ion pump associated with osmoregulation at the gill membrane. This ...
Examples include echolocation of bats and dolphins and insect antennae. Using self-generated energy allows more control over signal intensity, direction, timing and spectral characteristics. By contrast, passive sensory systems involve activation by ambient energy (that is, energy that is preexisting in the environment, rather than generated by ...
These types of echolocation pulses afford the bat the ability to classify, detect flutter (e.g. the fluttering wings of insects), and determine velocity information about the target. [5] Both CF and CF-FM bats use the Doppler shift compensation mechanism in order to maximize the efficiency of their echolocation behavior. [4]
The melon is structurally part of the nasal apparatus and comprises most of the mass tissue between the blowhole and the tip of the snout. The function of the melon is not completely understood, but scientists believe it is a bioacoustic component, providing a means of focusing sounds used in echolocation and creating a similarity between characteristics of its tissue and the surrounding water ...
The moth Bertholdia trigona is one of several moth species known to jam the echolocation of its predator. Many tiger moths produce ultrasonic clicks in response to the echolocation calls bats use while attacking prey. [11] For most species of tiger moth these clicks warn bats that the moths have toxic compounds that make them distasteful. [12]
Animal echolocation, non-human animals emitting sound waves and listening to the echo in order to locate objects or navigate. Human echolocation , the use of sound by people to navigate. Sonar ( so und n avigation a nd r anging), the use of sound on water or underwater, to navigate or to locate other watercraft, usually by submarines.