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Atelectasis is the partial collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absence in gas exchange. It is usually unilateral, affecting part or all of one lung. [2] It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation, in which they are filled with liquid.
A bronchopulmonary segment is a portion of lung supplied by a specific segmental bronchus and its vessels. [1] [2] These arteries branch from the pulmonary and bronchial arteries, and run together through the center of the segment. Veins and lymphatic vessels drain along the edges of the segment.
segmental bronchus (diameter 4.5 to 13 mm) [9] subsegmental bronchus (diameter 1 to 6 mm) [9] conducting bronchiole. terminal bronchiole. respiratory bronchiole. alveolar duct. alveolar sac. alveolus; At each division point or generation, one airway branches into two smaller airways.
Further divisions of the segmental bronchi (1 to 6 mm in diameter) [7] are known as 4th order, 5th order, and 6th order segmental bronchi, or grouped together as subsegmental bronchi. [8] [9] Compared to the 23 number (on average) of branchings of the respiratory tree in the adult human, the mouse has only about 13 such branchings.
Peribronchial cuffing, also referred to as peribronchial thickening or bronchial wall thickening, is a radiologic sign which occurs when excess fluid or mucus buildup in the small airway passages of the lung causes localized patches of atelectasis (lung collapse). [1] This causes the area around the bronchus to appear more prominent on an X-ray ...
The position of lung infiltrates in acute respiratory distress syndrome is non-uniform. Repositioning into the prone position (face down) might improve oxygenation by relieving atelectasis and improving perfusion. If this is done early in the treatment of severe ARDS, it confers a mortality benefit of 26% compared to supine ventilation.
Atelectasis occurs when distending pressure of the alveolus is overcome by surface tension of fluid within the alveolus. Repeated atelectasis and re-inflation leads to atelectotrauma . Atelectotrauma , atelectrauma , cyclic atelectasis or repeated alveolar collapse and expansion ( RACE ) are medical terms for the damage caused to the lung by ...
CT pulmonary angiogram showing segmental and subsegmental pulmonary emboli on both sides. Further information: Pulmonary embolism CTPA was introduced in the 1990s as an alternative to ventilation/perfusion scanning (V/Q scan), which relies on radionuclide imaging of the blood vessels of the lung.