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A particle swarm searching for the global minimum of a function. In computational science, particle swarm optimization (PSO) [1] is a computational method that optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to improve a candidate solution with regard to a given measure of quality.
The remaining particles then move through the problem space following the lead of the optimum particles. At each time iteration, the particle swarm optimiser accelerates each particle toward its optimum locations according to simple mathematical rules. Particle swarm optimization has been applied in many areas.
Multi-swarm optimization is a variant of particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on the use of multiple sub-swarms instead of one (standard) swarm. The general approach in multi-swarm optimization is that each sub-swarm focuses on a specific region while a specific diversification method decides where and when to launch the sub-swarms.
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a global optimization algorithm for dealing with problems in which a best solution can be represented as a point or surface in an n-dimensional space. Hypotheses are plotted in this space and seeded with an initial velocity , as well as a communication channel between the particles.
Location Years of operation Shape Accelerated Particle Kinetic Energy Notes and discoveries made 9-inch cyclotron: University of California, Berkeley: 1931 Circular H + 2: 1.0 MeV: Proof of concept 11-inch cyclotron: University of California, Berkeley 1932 Circular Proton: 1.2 MeV 27-inch cyclotron University of California, Berkeley 1932–1936 ...
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) A swarm intelligence method. Intelligent water drops (IWD) A swarm-based optimization algorithm based on natural water drops flowing in rivers Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) A swarm intelligence method. Ant colony clustering method (ACCM) A method that make use of clustering approach, extending the ACO.
Particle Swarm Optimization: PSO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 1995 [5] Differential Evaluation DE Evolutionary-based - 1997 [6] Local Search: LS 1997 Variable neighborhood search: VNS Trajectory-based - 1997 [7] Guided Local Search GLS Trajectory-based - 1998 [8] Clonal Selection Algorithm CSA Evolutionary-based - 2000 [9] Harmony Search: HS ...
Particle swarm optimization, a swarm intelligence optimization technique; Password Settings Object, used in Windows Active Directory environments; Phase-shift oscillator, an electronic circuit that generates sine waves; Protocol Support Organization, one of the three initial components of ICANN, later disbanded