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A rheumatoid nodule is a lump of tissue, or an area of swelling, that appears on the exterior of the skin usually around the olecranon (tip of the elbow) or the interphalangeal joints (finger knuckles), but can appear in other areas. [1]
About 20% of people with rheumatoid arthritis develop rheumatoid nodules, which are linked to more severe erosive disease in those patients. [2] The nodules are more common in men, typically manifest in the fifth decade of life, and are primarily found on extensor surfaces like the backs of the fingers and elbows, though they can occur anywhere.
They are seen in osteoarthritis, where they are caused by the formation of calcific spurs of the articular (joint) cartilage. Much less commonly, they may be seen in rheumatoid arthritis, where nodes are caused by antibody deposition to the synovium. A Bouchard's node on the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger of a 64 year old man.
Ringworm. What it looks like: Ringworm is a common skin infection caused by a fungus. It gets its name from its circular rash, which is often red, swollen, and cracked. Other symptoms to note ...
Erythema nodosum (EN) is an inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation of subcutaneous fat tissue, resulting in painful red/blue lumps or nodules that are usually seen symmetrically on both shins, on the thighs, arms, and elsewhere. [1]
Heberden's nodes are hard or bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) (the joints closest to the end of the fingers and toes). [1] They are a sign of osteoarthritis and are caused by formation of osteophytes (calcific spurs) of the articular (joint) cartilage in response to repeated trauma at the joint.
Osler's nodes are painful, red, raised lesions found typically on the hands and feet. [1] They are associated with a number of conditions, including infective endocarditis, and are caused by immune complex deposition. Their presence is one definition of Osler's sign. [2]
Another form the rash takes is called Gottron's sign, which is red or violet, sometimes scaly, slightly raised papules that erupt on any of the finger joints (the metacarpophalangeal joints or the interphalangeal joints). [9] [10] Gottron's papules may also be found over other bony prominences including the elbows, knees, or feet.