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Based on ancient Greek methods, an axiomatic system is a formal description of a way to establish the mathematical truth that flows from a fixed set of assumptions. Although applicable to any area of mathematics, geometry is the branch of elementary mathematics in which this method has most extensively been successfully applied.
This is a fundamental result in absolute geometry because its proof does not depend upon the parallel postulate. In several high school treatments of geometry, the term "exterior angle theorem" has been applied to a different result, [ 1 ] namely the portion of Proposition 1.32 which states that the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is ...
Antecedent of Playfair's axiom: a line and a point not on the line Consequent of Playfair's axiom: a second line, parallel to the first, passing through the point. In geometry, Playfair's axiom is an axiom that can be used instead of the fifth postulate of Euclid (the parallel postulate):
The Foundations of Geometry, 2nd ed. Chicago: Open Court. Laura I. Meikle and Jacques D. Fleuriot (2003), Formalizing Hilbert's Grundlagen in Isabelle/Isar Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 2758/2003, 319-334, doi : 10.1007/10930755_21
Foundations of mathematics are the logical and mathematical framework that allows the development of mathematics without generating self-contradictory theories, and, in particular, to have reliable concepts of theorems, proofs, algorithms, etc. This may also include the philosophical study of the relation of this framework with reality. [1]
These postulates are all based on basic geometry that can be confirmed experimentally with a scale and protractor. Since the postulates build upon the real numbers, the approach is similar to a model-based introduction to Euclidean geometry. Birkhoff's axiomatic system was utilized in the secondary-school textbook by Birkhoff and Beatley. [2]