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Today, Choctaw people are enrolled in four federally recognized tribes: the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, Jena Band of Choctaw Indians in Louisiana, and the Yowani Choctaws enrolled under the confederacy of the Caddo Nation. [4] Choctaw descendants are also members of state-recognized tribes. [5] [6] [7] [8]
The History of the Choctaws, or Chahtas, are a Native American people originally from the Southeast of what is currently known as the United States.They are known for their rapid post-colonial adoption of a written language, transitioning to yeoman farming methods, having European-American lifestyles enforced in their society, and acquiring some customs from Africans they enslaved.
The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma (Choctaw: Chahta Okla) is a Native American reservation [5] occupying portions of southeastern Oklahoma in the United States. [6] At roughly 6,952,960 acres (28,138 km 2; 10,864 sq mi), it is the second-largest reservation in area after the Navajo, exceeding that of the seven smallest U.S. states.
A Choctaw family in traditional clothing, 1908. The historic Choctaw had emerged as a tribe and occupied substantial territory in what is now the State of Mississippi. [1] In the early 19th century, they faced increasing pressure from European Americans who sought to acquire their land for agricultural development.
Mississippi Choctaws in traditional clothing, ca. 1908 Choctaw beaded pouch, ca. 1900, Oklahoma, Oklahoma History Center. The culture of the Choctaw has greatly evolved over the centuries combining mostly European-American influences; however, interaction with Spain, France, and England greatly shaped it as well.
Chahta Tamaha (Choctaw Town) served as the capital of the Choctaw Nation from 1863 to 1883 in Indian Territory. The town developed initially around the Armstrong Academy, which was operated by Protestant religious missionaries from 1844 to 1861 to serve Choctaw boys. After the capital was relocated to another town, this community declined.
The complete Choctaw Nation shaded in blue in relation to the U.S. state of Mississippi. The Choctaw Trail of Tears was the attempted ethnic cleansing and relocation by the United States government of the Choctaw Nation from their country, referred to now as the Deep South (Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana), to lands west of the Mississippi River in Indian Territory in the 1830s ...
In preparation for Oklahoma's admission to the union on an "equal footing with the original states" [6] by 1907, through a series of acts, including the Oklahoma Organic Act and the Oklahoma Enabling Act, Congress enacted a number of often contradictory statutes that often appeared as an attempt to unilaterally dissolve all sovereign tribal governments and reservations within the state of ...