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In class-based, object-oriented programming, a constructor (abbreviation: ctor) is a special type of function called to create an object.It prepares the new object for use, often accepting arguments that the constructor uses to set required member variables.
According to Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software: "Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Factory method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses." [2] Creating an object often requires complex processes not appropriate to include within a composing object.
In class-based programming, a factory is an abstraction of a constructor of a class, while in prototype-based programming a factory is an abstraction of a prototype object. A constructor is concrete in that it creates objects as instances of one class, and by a specified process (class instantiation), while a factory can create objects by instantiating various classes, or by using other ...
The term inheritance is loosely used for both class-based and prototype-based programming, but in narrow use the term is reserved for class-based programming (one class inherits from another), with the corresponding technique in prototype-based programming being instead called delegation (one object delegates to another). Class-modifying ...
In object-oriented programming, a class defines the shared aspects of objects created from the class. The capabilities of a class differ between programming languages , but generally the shared aspects consist of state ( variables ) and behavior ( methods ) that are each either associated with a particular object or with all objects of that class.
A sample UML class diagram for the adapter design pattern. [5] In the above UML class diagram, the client class that requires a target interface cannot reuse the adaptee class directly because its interface doesn't conform to the target interface. Instead, the client works through an adapter class that implements the target interface in terms ...
Generally, the concept of a "class" does not even exist. Rather, the prototype or parent of an object is just another object to which the object is linked. In Self, an object may have multiple or no parents, [34] but in the most popular prototype-based language, Javascript, every object has one prototype link (and only one). New objects can be ...
Componentization breaks code down into reusable semantic units that present clear, well-defined, simple-to-use interfaces. Extract class moves part of the code from an existing class into a new class. Extract method, to turn part of a larger method into a new method. By breaking down code in smaller pieces, it is more easily understandable.