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The USPSTF has changed its breast cancer screening recommendations over the years, including at what age women should begin routine screening. In 2009, the task force recommended women at average risk for developing breast cancer should be screened with mammograms every two years beginning at age 50. [ 12 ]
The MMSE should be used as a screening device for cognitive impairment or a diagnostic adjunct in which a low score indicates the need for further evaluation. It should not serve as the sole criterion for diagnosing dementia or to differentiate between various forms of dementia. [ 24 ]
It was originally introduced in the screening for dementia, but has also found application in other situations, [3] such as hepatic encephalopathy. [4] References
A recently conducted study in Australia [8] found that the GPCOG in comparison to the MMSE and Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) [9] was best to rule out dementia in a multicultural cohort of 151 community-dwelling persons. [8] Its sensitivity was higher (98.1) as compared to MMSE and RUDAS (84.3 and 87.7, respectively).
The following questions are put to the patient. Each question correctly answered scores one point. A score of 7–8 or less suggests cognitive impairment at the time of testing, [4] although further and more formal tests are necessary to confirm a diagnosis of dementia, delirium or other causes of cognitive impairment. Culturally-specific ...
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The higher cut-off score has both high specificity and sensitivity and is at least five times more likely to have come from a dementia patient than without. A score of 21 or less is almost certainly diagnostic of a dementia syndrome regardless of the clinical setting. [16] It has been found to be superior to the MMSE in diagnostic utility. [17 ...
The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) is a cognitive test screening for dementia, in monitoring the disease progression, and in providing profiles of cognitive impairment by examining abilities on attention, concentration, orientation, short-term memory, long-term memory, language abilities, visual construction, list-generating fluency, abstraction, and judgment with score ranges ...