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Navigational sailor's compass rose, 1607. In the 15th century, the description given by Ibn Majid while aligning the compass with the pole star indicates that he was aware of magnetic declination. An explicit value for the declination is given by ʿIzz al-Dīn al-Wafāʾī (fl. the 1450s in Cairo). [8]
15th-century mariner consulting a compass aboard ship (from John Mandeville's Travels, 1403). The "rule of marteloio" was used in European navigation in the Middle Ages, most notably in the Mediterranean Sea between the 14th and 16th centuries, although it may have older roots.
It is a 32 point compass rose, meaning that the lines that irradiate from its centre indicate 32 different geographic directions. The original chart is in the Beinecke Library, Yale University, USA. Reason It is a beautiful and high quality depiction of a 15th century compass rose, typical of the portolan charts of the time.
The other instrument is a dry compass. [39] In the 15th century, the description given by Ibn Majid while aligning the compass with the pole star indicates that he was aware of magnetic declination. An explicit value for the declination is given by ʿIzz al-Dīn al-Wafāʾī (fl. 1450s in Cairo). [36]
Map of the world produced in 1689 by Gerard van Schagen.. The history of navigation, or the history of seafaring, is the art of directing vessels upon the open sea through the establishment of its position and course by means of traditional practice, geometry, astronomy, or special instruments.
Detail of the Catalan Atlas, the first compass rose depicted on a map. Notice the Pole Star set on N. "Majorcan cartographic school" is the term coined by historians to refer to the collection of predominantly Jewish cartographers, cosmographers and navigational instrument-makers and some Christian associates that flourished in Majorca in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries until the expulsion ...
15th century: The German monk Nicolaus Germanus wrote a pioneering Cosmographia. He added the first new maps to Ptolemy's Geographica . [ 6 ] Germanus invented the Donis map projection where parallels of latitude are made equidistant, but meridians converge toward the poles.
The Topkapı Palace where the map was discovered, viewed from the Bosporus. Much of Piri Reis's biography is known only from his cartographic works, including his two world maps and the Kitab-ı Bahriye (Book of Maritime Matters) [6] completed in 1521. [7]