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Fire for effect (or FFE) is a military term. According to NATO doctrine: Fire which is delivered after the mean point of impact or burst is within the desired distance of the target or adjusting/ranging point. Term in a call for fire to indicate the adjustment/ranging is satisfactory and fire for effect is desired.
This is why the mission is called "Adjust fire": the forward observer has the chance to adjust where the final impact will be when the full battery fires on the target. The first step for adjustment is to send the FO's direction to the target in mils and the correction in meters: "Direction 2500, add 100, left 150, over" Direction is rounded to ...
The FO may be called upon to direct fire for close air support and/or naval artillery in addition to field artillery based howitzer and infantry-embedded mortar units. The U.S. Army Field Manual describing the duties and responsibilities is FM 6‑30, Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Observed Fire.
The fire direction center (FDC) concept was developed at the Field Artillery School at Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, during the 1930s under the leadership of its Director of Gunnery, Carlos Brewer [4] and his instructors, who abandoned massing fire by a described terrain feature or grid coordinate reference. They introduced a firing chart, adopted the ...
FM 100–5, Operations (with included Change No. 1) 29 April 1977 [20] This manual supersedes FM 100–5, 6 September 1968, including all changes. Bernard W. Rogers: INACTIVE: FM 100–5: FM 100–5, Operations: 1 July 1976 [21] This manual supersedes FM 100–5, 6 September 1968, including all changes. Fred C. Weyand: INACTIVE: C1, FM 100–5
In the U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps, [note 1] the term fire control system was used to refer to the personnel, facilities, technology and procedures that were used to observe designated targets, estimate their positions, calculate firing data for guns directed to hit those targets, and assess the effectiveness of such fire, making ...
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Because artillery is an indirect fire weapon system, the guns are rarely in line-of-sight of their target, often located miles away. [2] The observer serves as the eyes of the guns, by sending target locations and if necessary corrections to the fall of shot, usually by radio.