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Deinstitutionalisation is the process of reforming child care systems and closing down orphanages and children's institutions, finding new placements for children currently resident and setting up replacement services to support vulnerable families in non-institutional ways.
Hope and Homes for children then began to pioneer the deinstitutionalisation of orphanages and children's homes. By March 2024, the charity had closed 139 institutions in more than 20 countries, prevented over 288,000 children entering or re-entering institutions and had helped to change childcare systems.
The deinstitutionalization movement started off slowly but gained momentum as it adopted philosophies from the Civil Rights Movement. [1] During the 1960s, deinstitutionalization increased dramatically, and the average length of stay within mental institutions decreased by more than half. [ 1 ]
The modern deinstitutionalisation movement was made possible by the discovery of psychiatric drugs in the mid-20th century, which could manage psychotic episodes and reduced the need for patients to be confined and restrained. Another major impetus was a series of socio-political movements that campaigned for patient freedom.
Plaque where once stood the ruota ("the wheel"), the place to abandon children at the side of the Chiesa della Pietà, the church of an orphanage in Venice.The plaque cites on a Papal bull by Paul III dated 12 November 1548, threatens "excommunication and maledictions" for all those who – having the means to rear a child – choose to abandon him/her instead.
[citation needed] Even before the regulations were passed, as a result of years of advocacy and awareness-raising, this principle of funding supporting 'deinstitutionalization' (DI) had already helped divert more than €367 million of EU funding away from institutions towards community services. [6]
In 1993, she moved to Romania to set up the first mother and baby unit in Bucharest, and since then she has pioneered a model of deinstitutionalisation which is now followed in many countries across Central and Eastern Europe. [2] Between 1993 and 2015, the number of children in Romanian orphanages has been reduced from 200,000 to 20,000. [3]
Paragraph 22 states: "While recognizing that residential care facilities and family-based care complement each other in meeting the needs of children, where large residential care facilities (institutions) remain, alternatives should be developed in the context of an overall deinstitutionalization strategy, with precise goals and objectives ...