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A finished sequence, covering more than 95% of the genome at approximately 99.99% accuracy; Producing a truly high-quality finished sequence by this definition is very expensive. Thus, most human "whole genome sequencing" results are draft sequences (sometimes above and sometimes below the accuracy defined above). [144]
For a bacterium containing a single chromosome, a genome project will aim to map the sequence of that chromosome. For the human species, whose genome includes 22 pairs of autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, a complete genome sequence will involve 46 separate chromosome sequences. The Human Genome Project is a well known example of a genome project ...
Sequence coverage (or depth) is the number of unique reads that include a given nucleotide in the reconstructed sequence. [1] [2] Deep sequencing refers to the general concept of aiming for high number of unique reads of each region of a sequence. [3] Physical coverage, the cumulative length of reads or read pairs expressed as a multiple of ...
The major advantage of this approach is the complete sequencing set can be performed in a single reaction, rather than the four needed with the labeled-primer approach. This is accomplished by labelling each of the dideoxynucleotide chain-terminators with a separate fluorescent dye, which fluoresces at a different wavelength .
As of October 2011, the complete sequences are available for: 2,719 viruses, 1,115 archaea and bacteria, and 36 eukaryotes, of which about half are fungi. [34] [35] The number of genome projects has increased as technological improvements continue to lower the cost of sequencing. (A) Exponential growth of genome sequence databases since 1995.
The major landmark of RNA sequencing is the sequence of the first complete gene and the complete genome of Bacteriophage MS2, identified and published by Walter Fiers and his coworkers at the University of Ghent (Ghent, Belgium), in 1972 [30] and 1976. [31] Traditional RNA sequencing methods require the creation of a cDNA molecule which must be ...
This map provides sequences of known distances apart, which can be used to help with the assembly of sequence reads acquired through shotgun sequencing. [4] The human genome sequence, which was declared complete in 2003, was assembled using both a BAC library and shotgun sequencing. [18] [19]
The Institute for Systems Biology has used this technology to sequence 615 complete human genome samples as part of a survey studying neurodegenerative diseases, and the National Cancer Institute is using DNA nanoball sequencing to sequence 50 tumours and matched normal tissues from pediatric cancers. [citation needed]