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Alcatraz gained notoriety from its inception as the toughest prison in the U.S., considered by many the world's most fearsome prison of the day. Former prisoners reported brutality and inhumane conditions which severely tested their sanity. [13] [14] [15] Ed Wutke was the first prisoner to commit suicide in Alcatraz.
By the end of 1920, two years after the war ended, he was the only remaining conscientious objector at Alcatraz, [2] and in poor health. [ 3 ] Grosser is notable for writing one of the first exposés of Alcatraz Prison, the 32-page pamphlet Uncle Sam's Devil's Island , which told of his experience in the prison.
Looking Outward: A History of the U.S. Prison System from Colonial Times to the Formation of the Bureau of Prisons by the "Birdman of Alcatraz", Robert Stroud, is a history of the United States Prison System from colonial times until the formation of the United States Bureau of Prisons in the 1930s.
Rufus William Franklin (January 15 1916 – May 26 1975) was an American criminal who served a life sentence in Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary.He is best known for taking part in the third documented attempted escape from Alcatraz Prison with Thomas R. Limerick and James C. Lucas on the night of May 23, 1938.
Escape from Alcatraz is a 1963 non-fiction book, written by San Francisco Chronicle reporter John Campbell Bruce, [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] about the history of Alcatraz ...
Alcatraz Prison was closed on 21 March 1963, [9] resulting in the moving of all of its inmates to other facilities. This closure was predominantly due to the expensive operational costs of the facility and structural problems, but was hastened by the escape of John Paul Scott and others.
During the 1950s he was an advocate in the movement to persuade Congress to close Alcatraz and replace it with a new maximum-security prison. [1] He was also a long-time opponent of capital punishment, pushed for the expansion of vocational training in prisons, and sought to expand probation and reentry services for incarcerated people. [5]
James Aloysius Johnston (September 15, 1874 – September 7, 1954) was an American politician and prison warden who served as the first and longest-serving warden of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, serving from 1934 to 1948. He had earlier served as wardens of California state prisons at Folsom (1912-1913) and San Quentin (1914-1924).