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A procedure may also be created in a PL/SQL package - this is called a Package Procedure. A procedure created in a PL/SQL anonymous block is called a nested procedure. The standalone or package procedures, stored in the database, are referred to as "stored procedures". Procedures can have three types of parameters: IN, OUT and IN OUT.
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
In many systems, stored procedures can be granted access rights to the database that users who execute those procedures do not directly have. Some protection from SQL injection attacks Stored procedures can be used to protect against injection attacks. Stored procedure parameters will be treated as data even if an attacker inserts SQL commands.
SQL/PSM (SQL/Persistent Stored Modules) is an ISO standard mainly defining an extension of SQL with a procedural language for use in stored procedures.Initially published in 1996 as an extension of SQL-92 (ISO/IEC 9075-4:1996, a version sometimes called PSM-96 or even SQL-92/PSM [2]), SQL/PSM was later incorporated into the multi-part SQL:1999 standard, and has been part 4 of that standard ...
SQLite (/ ˌ ɛ s ˌ k juː ˌ ɛ l ˈ aɪ t /, [4] [5] / ˈ s iː k w ə ˌ l aɪ t / [6]) is a free and open-source relational database engine written in the C programming language.It is not a standalone app; rather, it is a library that software developers embed in their apps.
In computing, the star schema or star model is the simplest style of data mart schema and is the approach most widely used to develop data warehouses and dimensional data marts. [1]
Because of this, APEX applications can suffer from an SQL injection when these PL/SQL blocks do not correctly validate and handle malicious user input. [13] Oracle implemented a special variable type for APEX called Substitution Variables (with a syntax of "&NAME."); however, these are insecure and can lead to SQL injections. When an injection ...
A utility program may optimize the placement of a file on a crowded disk. System utility programs monitor hardware and network performance. When a metric is outside an acceptable range, a trigger alert is generated. [141] Utility programs include compression programs so data files are stored on less disk space. [140]