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In this toy multiverse, the left-hand region exits inflation (red line) later than the right-hand region. With the proper-time cutoff shown by the black dotted lines, the immediately post-inflation portion of the left-hand universe dominates the measure, flooding the measure with five "Boltzmann babies" (red) that are freakishly young.
Alternative models, where the average expansion of the universe throughout its history does not hold, have been proposed under the notions of emergent spacetime, eternal inflation, and cyclic models. Vilenkin and Audrey Mithani have argued that none of these models escape the implications of the theorem. [ 8 ]
Alan Guth's 2007 paper, "Eternal inflation and its implications", [3] states that under reasonable assumptions "Although inflation is generically eternal into the future, it is not eternal into the past." Guth detailed what was known about the subject at the time, and demonstrated that eternal inflation was still considered the likely outcome ...
The inflation itself may be the consequence of the Higgs field trapped in a false vacuum state [14] with Higgs self-coupling λ and its β λ function very close to zero at the planck scale. [ 15 ] : 218 A future electron-positron collider would be able to provide the precise measurements of the top quark needed for such calculations.
According to inflation theory, the universe suddenly expanded during the inflationary epoch (about 10 −32 of a second after the Big Bang), and its volume increased by a factor of at least 10 78 (an expansion of distance by a factor of at least 10 26 in each of the three dimensions).
The mechanisms of inflation within these pocket universes could function in a variety of manners, such as slow-roll inflation, undergoing cycles of cosmological evolution, or resembling of the Galilean genesis or other 'emergent' universe scenarios. Lehners goes on to discuss which one of these types of universes we live in, and how that is ...
According to the theory of cosmic inflation, the very early universe underwent a period of very rapid, quasi-exponential expansion.While the time-scale for this period of expansion was far shorter than that of the existing expansion, this was a period of accelerated expansion with some similarities to the current epoch.
A cyclic model (or oscillating model) is any of several cosmological models in which the universe follows infinite, or indefinite, self-sustaining cycles. For example, the oscillating universe theory briefly considered by Albert Einstein in 1930 theorized a universe following an eternal series of oscillations, each beginning with a Big Bang and ending with a Big Crunch; in the interim, the ...