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Blue pigments are natural or synthetic materials, traditionally made from minerals, Being water-insoluble by definition, blue pigments used to make the blue colors in inks and paints. Some major blue pigments are indigo, Prussian blue, and copper phthalocyanine. Historically lapis lazuli was important.
Bluing or "laundry blue" is a suspension of synthetic ultramarine, or the chemically different Prussian blue, that is used for this purpose when washing white clothes. It is often found in makeup such as mascaras or eye shadows .
Prussian blue, the oldest modern synthetic pigment, was discovered by accident in 1704. [17] By the early 19th century, synthetic and metallic blue pigments included French ultramarine, a synthetic form of lapis lazuli. Ultramarine was manufactured by treating aluminium silicate with sulfur.
Prussian blue pigment is significant since it was the first stable and relatively lightfast blue pigment to be widely used since the loss of knowledge regarding the synthesis of Egyptian blue. European painters had previously used a number of pigments such as indigo dye , smalt , and Tyrian purple , and the extremely expensive ultramarine made ...
Ultramarine pigment, for instance, was much darker when used in oil painting than when used in tempera paintings or in frescoes. To balance their colors, Renaissance artists like Raphael added white to lighten the ultramarine. The sombre dark blue robe of the Virgin Mary became a brilliant sky blue. [36]
Payne's grey is a dark blue-grey colour used in painting. Originally a mixture of iron blue (Prussian blue), yellow ochre and crimson lake, [3] Payne's grey now is often a mixture of blue (ultramarine, phthalocyanine, or indigo) and black, [4] [5] or of ultramarine and burnt sienna.
The two can be distinguished by contrasting the blue-green degradation of azurite with the blue-violet degradation of ultramarine. [1] Ultramarine is often more finely ground than azurite; because azurite is a strong pigment if left coarsely ground, artists took care not to grind it too finely. [7] The Mystic Lamb, a painting in which azurite ...
Blue, particularly ultramarine pigment made from ground lapis lazuli remained significant for depictions of the divine through the Renaissance. Pre-industrial revolution painters in Europe used ultramarine almost exclusively for the robes of Mary because of the pigment's great expense, until the work of Jean-Baptiste Guimet and Christian Gmelin ...