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End plate potentials (EPPs) are the voltages which cause depolarization of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called "end plates" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance.
A neuromuscular junction (or myoneural junction) is a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. [1] It allows the motor neuron to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction. [2] Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy.
Neuromuscular junction diseases can also be referred to as end plate diseases or disorders. [citation needed] Among neuromuscular diseases some can be autoimmune disease, or hereditary disorders. They can affect either presynaptic mechanisms or postsynaptic mechanisms, preventing the junction from functioning normally.
A neuroeffector junction is a site where a motor neuron releases a neurotransmitter to affect a target—non-neuronal—cell. This junction functions like a synapse . However, unlike most neurons, somatic efferent motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle, and are always excitatory.
In some invertebrates, glutamate is the main excitatory transmitter at the neuromuscular junction. [3] [4] In the neuromuscular junction of vertebrates, EPP (end-plate potentials) are mediated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which (along with glutamate) is one of the primary transmitters in the central nervous system of invertebrates. [5]
A neuromuscular non-depolarizing agent is a form of neuromuscular blocker that does not depolarize the motor end plate. [8] The quaternary ammonium muscle relaxants belong to this class. Quaternary ammonium muscle relaxants are quaternary ammonium salts used as drugs for muscle relaxation, most commonly in anesthesia.
Molecular biology has shown that the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors belong to distinct protein superfamilies.Nicotinic receptors are of two types: Nm and Nn. Nm [1] is located in the neuromuscular junction which causes the contraction of skeletal muscles by way of end-plate potential (EPPs).
The aggregate sum of many MEPPs is an end plate potential (EPP). A normal end plate potential usually causes the postsynaptic neuron to reach its threshold of excitation and elicit an action potential. [1] Electrical synapses do not use quantal neurotransmitter release and instead use gap junctions between neurons to send current flows between ...