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Anti-smooth muscle antibodies are antibodies (immunoglobulins) formed against smooth muscle. These antibodies are typically associated with autoimmune hepatitis. [1] [2] These antibodies can be directed against actin, troponin, and tropomyosin. [3]
A number of specific antibodies found in the blood (antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-smooth muscle antibody (SMA), anti-liver kidney microsomal antibodies (LKM-1, LKM-2, LKM-3), anti soluble liver antigen (SLA), liver–pancreas antigen (LP), and anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)) are of use, as is finding an increased immunoglobulin G level.
Antinuclear antibodies and anti-smooth muscle antibody are found in 20–50% of PSC patients, and likewise are not specific for the disease, but may identify a subgroup of PSC patients who also have autoimmune hepatitis (i.e. PSC-AIH overlap syndrome). [4]
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are autoantibodies, consisting of immunoglobulins formed against mitochondria, [1] primarily the mitochondria in cells of the liver.. The presence of AMA in the blood or serum of a person may be indicative of the presence of, or the potential to develop, the autoimmune disease primary biliary cholangitis (PBC; previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis).
Anti-urothelial and anti-nuclear antibodies Probable 100-450 per 100,000 women, less common in men [51] Primary sclerosing cholangitis: Bile ducts, can affect gallbladder: P-ANCA, Anti Smooth Muscle Antibodies (ASMA) Confirmed 1 per 100,000 [52]
Anti-actin antibodies; Anti-dsDNA antibodies; Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody; Anti-glutamate receptor antibodies; Anti-histone antibodies; Anti-Jo1; Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; Anti-nRNP; Anti-Scl-70 antibodies; Anti-smooth muscle antibody; Anti-sp100 antibodies; Anti-SSA/Ro autoantibodies; Antisperm antibodies ...