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Nostoc, also known as star jelly, troll's butter, spit of moon, fallen star, witch's butter (not to be confused with the fungi commonly known as witches' butter), and witch's jelly, is the most common genus of cyanobacteria found in a variety of both aquatic and terrestrial environments that may form colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath of polysaccharides. [1]
Heterocysts or heterocytes are specialized nitrogen-fixing cells formed during nitrogen starvation by some filamentous cyanobacteria, such as Nostoc, Cylindrospermum, and Anabaena. [1] They fix nitrogen from dinitrogen (N 2) in the air using the enzyme nitrogenase, in order to provide the cells in the filament with nitrogen for biosynthesis. [2]
Nostoc commune. Nostoc commune is found in many countries around the world. It is able to survive in extreme conditions in polar regions and arid areas. It is a terrestrial or freshwater species and forms loose clumps on soil, gravel and paved surfaces, among mosses and between cobbles. [1]
Class: Cyanophyceae: Order: Nostocales: Family: Nostocaceae C. A. Agardh ex Kirchner: Genera [1] Anabaena Bory ex Bornet & Flahault 1886; Camptylonemopsis Desikachary 1948; Coleospermopsis Hauer et al. 2015 provis. Cronbergia Komárek et al. 2010; Cyanocohniella Kaštovský et al. 2014; Cylindrospermum Kützing ex Bornet & Flahault 1888 ...
The Nostocales are an order of cyanobacteria containing most of its species. It includes filamentous forms, both simple or branched, and both those occurring as single strands or multiple strands within a sheath.
Nostoc parmelioides is a species of cyanobacterium in the family Nostocaceae. It is notable for its symbiosis with a midge larva, Cricotopus nostocicola . [ 1 ]
Both upper and lower cortex are absent in Collema, and the photobiont Nostoc forms chains of cells throughout the thallus without creating a separate layer. Isidia can be present or absent, while soredia are not found in this genus. The reproductive structures, known as apothecia, have a pale brown to red-brown disc that can be flat or convex.
Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exist as plankton.They are known for nitrogen-fixing abilities, and they form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern.