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Their ducts unite into a rather long sinus which open into the fornix conjunctiva. [2] There are approximately forty Krause glands in the region of the upper eyelid, and around 6 to 8 in the region of the lower lid. [2] The function of these glands are to produce tears which are secreted onto the surface of the conjunctiva.
[3] 20 to 40 glands of Krause are found in the upper fornix, and 6-8 glands appear in the lower fornix. [4] There are usually 2 to 5 Ciaccio's glands, and are found along the superior tarsal border of the upper eyelid. [1] Popov’s glands are located within the substance of the caruncle. [1]
The lacrimal gland is a compound tubuloacinar gland, it is made up of many lobules separated by connective tissue, each lobule contains many acini.The acini composed of large serous cells which, produce a watery serous secretion, serous cells are filled with lightly stained secretory granules and surrounded by well-developed myoepithelial cells and a sparse, vascular stroma.
The lacrimal nerve branches from the ophthalmic nerve immediately before traveling through the superior orbital fissure to enter the orbit. [citation needed]At the superior portion of the lateral wall of the orbit, it also receives a secretomotor [2]: 495 communicating [2]: 402 parasympathetic [3] branch from the zygomaticotemporal nerve [2]: 495 for the lacrimal gland.
First drawing of the meibomian gland by Heinrich Meibom.Year 1666. The glands were mentioned by Galen in 200 AD [3] and were described in more detail by Heinrich Meibom (1638–1700), a German physician, in his work De Vasis Palpebrarum Novis Epistola in 1666.
Diagnosis can be further made under a slit lamp upon the observation of redundant conjunctival folds. These folds can be made more apparent by staining with fluorescein dye and by applying gentle upward pressure with a finger to the eyeball through the lower lid. In pure aqueous tear deficiency dry eye patients, fluorescein stains in the ...
Conjunctival concretions are generally asymptomatic.Common symptoms include eye discomfort, eye irritation, and foreign body sensation. Sometimes, the larger, harder or multiple concretions make the rubbing off of the superficial layers of the conjunctiva or eyelids to cause conjunctival abrasion, especially prominent when blinking.
The condition is not congenital and develops over the course of a few months as the lacrimal glands fail to produce tears. Other conditions involved in the progression already stated include the appearance of Bitot's spots, which are clumps of keratin debris that build up inside the conjunctiva and night blindness, which precedes corneal ulceration and total blindness.