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In obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). [1]
Common signs that labour is about to begin may include what is known as lightening, which is the process of the baby moving down from the rib cage with the head of the baby engaging deep in the pelvis. The pregnant woman may then find breathing easier, since her lungs have more room for expansion, but pressure on her bladder may cause more ...
Circumference of head and chest is equal; head size is in better proportion to the body. "Baby fat" disappears as neck appears. Posture is more erect; abdomen no longer protrudes. Slightly knock-kneed. Can jump from low step; Can stand up and walk around on tiptoes "Baby" teeth stage over. Needs to consume approximately 6,300 kJ (1,500 kcal) daily.
Head engagement, also called "lightening" or "dropping", occurs as the fetal head descends into a cephalic presentation. While it relieves pressure on the upper abdomen and gives a renewed ease in breathing, it also severely reduces bladder capacity, resulting in a need to void more frequently , and increases pressure on the pelvic floor and ...
The side where there is resistance to the descent of the fingers toward the pubis is greatest is where the brow is located. If the head of the fetus is well-flexed, it should be on the opposite side from the fetal back. If the fetal head is extended though, the occiput is instead felt and is located on the same side as the back.
Presentation of twins in Der Rosengarten ("The Rose Garden"), a German standard medical text for midwives published in 1513. In obstetrics, the presentation of a fetus about to be born specifies which anatomical part of the fetus is leading, that is, is closest to the pelvic inlet of the birth canal.
Midforceps delivery, when the baby's head is above +2 station. There must be head engagement before it can be carried out. High forceps delivery is not performed in modern obstetrics practice. It would be a forceps-assisted vaginal delivery performed when the baby's head is not yet engaged.
The head is directed to the right in the image. The heart is discerned in the center of the embryo. A hand is visible slightly above. Even before the fetal stage begins, a six-week-old human embryo can arch its back and neck. [6] By seven weeks, movement in the arms and legs can be detected by ultrasound. [6]