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Hematuria can be classified according to visibility, anatomical origin, and timing of blood during urination. [1] [6]In terms of visibility, hematuria can be visible to the naked eye (termed "gross hematuria") and may appear red or brown (sometimes referred to as tea-colored), or it can be microscopic (i.e. not visible but detected with a microscope or laboratory test).
Hematuria (one of the symptoms of Nephritic syndrome Historically, nephritic syndrome has been characterized by blood in the urine ( hematuria ), high blood pressure ( hypertension ), decreased urine output <400 ml/day ( oliguria ), red blood cell casts , pyuria , and mild to moderate proteinuria .
Microhematuria, also called microscopic hematuria (both usually abbreviated as MH), is a medical condition in which urine contains small amounts of blood; the blood quantity is too low to change the color of the urine (otherwise, it is known as gross hematuria).
These presenting symptoms are relatively non-specific and are often seen in other glomerular disorders. Preceding upper respiratory tract infection or post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis may contribute to hematuria, as both have been identified in patients presenting with hematuria in the context of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. [2]
Loin pain-hematuria syndrome (LPHS) is a poorly defined disorder characterized by recurrent or persistent loin (flank) pain and hematuria that appears to represent glomerular bleeding. Most patients present with both manifestations, but some present with loin pain or hematuria alone.
There are also differences in epidemiology between the sexes, the disease is more common in men than in women by a ratio of 2 to 1. [ 62 ] The epidemiological data also reveals information regarding the most common way that symptoms develop in people with nephrotic syndrome: [ 62 ] spontaneous remission occurs in up to 20% or 30% of cases ...
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In IgA nephropathy, episodes of frank hematuria are more common, and a family history is less common. A kidney biopsy is the only way to diagnose thin basement membrane disease. It reveals thinning of the glomerular basement membrane from the normal 300 to 400 nanometers (nm) to 150 to 250 nm.