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Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), is due to problems with either the hypothalamus or pituitary gland affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis). [1] Hypothalamic disorders result from a deficiency in the release of gonadotropic releasing hormone ( GnRH ), while pituitary gland disorders are due to a deficiency in the release ...
To distinguish it from other forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Kallmann syndrome has the additional symptom of a total lack of sense of smell (anosmia) or a reduced sense of smell. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] If left untreated, people will have poorly defined secondary sexual characteristics , show signs of hypogonadism , almost invariably are ...
In males, a type of myopathy can result from androgen deficiency known as testosterone deficiency myopathy or (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism with myopathy. Signs and symptoms include elevated serum CK , symmetrical muscle wasting and muscle weakness (predominantly proximal ), a burning sensation in the feet at night, waddling gait , and ...
Men with low serum testosterone levels should have other hormones checked, particularly luteinizing hormone to help determine why their testosterone levels are low and help choose the most appropriate treatment (most notably, testosterone is usually not appropriate for secondary or tertiary forms of male hypogonadism, in which the LH levels are ...
Affected males may also lack male sex hormones, which leads to underdeveloped reproductive tissues, undescended testicles (cryptorchidism), delayed puberty, and an inability to father children (infertility). These characteristics are known as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Females are rarely affected by this disorder, but a few cases have been ...
The fertile eunuch syndrome or Pasqualini syndrome is a cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by a luteinizing hormone deficiency. [1] It is characterized by hypogonadism with spermatogenesis. [2] Pasqualini and Bur published the first case of eunuchoidism with preserved spermatogenesis in 1950 in la Revista de la Asociación Médica ...
Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), also called idiopathic or congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), as well as isolated or congenital gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency (IGD), is a condition which results in a small subset of cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) due to deficiency in or insensitivity to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) where the function ...
Administration of luteinizing hormone (LH) (or human chorionic gonadotropin) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is very effective in the treatment of male infertility due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. [60] Although controversial, [61] off-label clomiphene citrate, an antiestrogen, may also be effective by elevating gonadotropin levels. [60]
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