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Non-endoscopic open surgical procedures such as colon surgery where the operation field is very close to the adjacent retroperitoneal ureter is a well-known procedure where ureters can be injured, especially when surgical plans are distorted in conditions such as tethered colon cancer or advanced inflammatory bowel disease.
It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture). [3] Stricture as a term is usually used when narrowing is caused by contraction of smooth muscle (e.g. achalasia, prinzmetal angina); stenosis is usually used when narrowing is caused by lesion that reduces the space of lumen (e.g. atherosclerosis). [4]
A urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra, the tube connected to the bladder that allows urination. The narrowing reduces the flow of urine and makes it more difficult or even painful to empty the bladder. [1] Urethral stricture is caused by injury, instrumentation, infection, and certain non-infectious forms of urethritis. The ...
The protection provided by the foreskin for the glans penis and meatus has been recognized since 1915. In the absence of the foreskin the meatus is exposed to mechanical and chemical irritation from ammoniacal diaper (nappy) that produces blister formation and ulceration of the urethral opening, which eventually gives rise to meatal stenosis (a narrowing of the opening). [1]
Strictures are often treated observantly; they may heal spontaneously over 12–24 months. If a bowel obstruction develops as a result of the stricture, surgical resection is the usual treatment, [ 36 ] although endoscopic dilatation and stenting have also been employed.
Some congenital abnormalities can also result in narrowing or the ureters. Congenital disorders of the ureter and urinary tract affect 10% of infants. [ 13 ] These include partial or total duplication of the ureter (a duplex ureter ), or the formation of a second irregularly placed ( ectopic ) ureter; [ 13 ] or where the junction with the ...
Some conditions have similar symptoms to chronic prostatitis: bladder neck hypertrophy and urethral stricture may both cause similar symptoms through urinary reflux (inter alia) and can be excluded through flexible cystoscopy and urodynamic tests. [44] [45] [46]
Damage to the urethra, such as by kidney stones, chronic infection, cancer, or from catheterisation, can lead to narrowing, called a urethral stricture. [24] The location and structure of the narrowing can be investigated with a medical imaging scan in which dye is injected through the urinary meatus into the urethra, called a retrograde ...