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The Canadian Arctic tundra is a biogeographic designation for Northern Canada's terrain generally lying north of the tree line or boreal forest, [2] [3] [4] that corresponds with the Scandinavian Alpine tundra to the east and the Siberian Arctic tundra to the west inside the circumpolar tundra belt of the Northern Hemisphere.
Permafrost tundra includes vast areas of northern Russia and Canada. [2] The polar tundra is home to several peoples who are mostly nomadic reindeer herders, such as the Nganasan and Nenets in the permafrost area (and the Sami in Sápmi). Tundra in Siberia. Arctic tundra contains areas of stark landscape and is frozen for much of the year. [5]
The ecoregion to the north is the 'High Arctic tundra' (colder and wetter), to the south is the Low Arctic tundra (warmer and wetter). [2] The bedrock under the western extent is Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rock with a relatively flat cover of glacial moraines and marine deposits.
The Canadian High Arctic Tundra ecoregion encompasses most of the northern Arctic archipelago, from much of Baffin Island, Somerset Island, and Prince of Wales Island in the south, through all islands northward to the most northern island in Canada, Ellesmere Island. [3]
The ecoregion is a transition zone between the taiga forests to the south, and the treeless arctic tundra to the north. 50% of the territory is herbaceous cover, 18% moss and lichen, 6% shrubs, and about 1% tree cover in protected areas and along river courses. [ 3 ]
The Nunavut tundra The Barren Grounds (also called Barren Lands [ 1 ] ) are a large area of tundra located in mainland Nunavut and stretching into the Northwest Territories in northern Canada . The Barren Grounds is nearly uninhabited with the exception of a few coastal villages and towns in Nunavut.
High Arctic tundra: Canada: Interior Yukon–Alaska alpine tundra: Canada, United States: Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra: Greenland: Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra: Greenland: Low Arctic tundra: Canada: Middle Arctic tundra: Canada: Ogilvie–MacKenzie alpine tundra: Canada, United States: Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra ...
Ellesmere Island is the northernmost island of the Arctic Archipelago in Canada's Far North and one of the world's northernmost land masses. It is exceeded in this regard only by neighbouring Greenland , which extends about 60 km (37 mi) closer to the north pole.