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Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 3 P O 4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution , which is a colourless, odourless, and non- volatile syrupy liquid.
At pH 1 or lower, the phosphoric acid is practically undissociated. Around pH 4.7 (mid-way between the first two pK a values) the dihydrogen phosphate ion, [H 2 PO 4] −, is practically the only species present. Around pH 9.8 (mid-way between the second and third pK a values) the monohydrogen phosphate ion, [HPO 4] 2−, is the only species ...
Since the ends are condensed, its formula has one less H 2 O (water) than tripolyphosphoric acid. The general formula of a phosphoric acid is H n−2x+2 P n O 3n−x+1, where n is the number of phosphorus atoms and x is the number of fundamental cycles in the molecule's structure; that is, the minimum number of bonds that would have to be ...
Phosphate (PO 4 3–) and phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) are not present in significant amounts. Thus millimoles per liter (mmol/L) are often used to denote the phosphate concententration. If milligrams per decililiter (mg/dL) is used, it often denotes the mass of phosphorus bound to phosphates, but not the mass of some individual phosphate.
Trisodium phosphate is produced by neutralization of phosphoric acid using sodium carbonate, which produces disodium hydrogen phosphate. The disodium hydrogen phosphate is reacted with sodium hydroxide to form trisodium phosphate and water. Na 2 CO 3 + H 3 PO 4 → Na 2 HPO 4 + CO 2 + H 2 O Na 2 HPO 4 + NaOH → Na 3 PO 4 + H 2 O
Sodium phosphates are popular in commerce in part because they are inexpensive and because they are nontoxic at normal levels of consumption. [4] However, oral sodium phosphates when taken at high doses for bowel preparation for colonoscopy may in some individuals carry a risk of kidney injury under the form of phosphate nephropathy.
Various calcium phosphate minerals, which often are not white owing to impurities, are used in the production of phosphoric acid and fertilizers. Overuse of certain forms of calcium phosphate can lead to nutrient -containing surface runoff and subsequent adverse effects upon receiving waters such as algal blooms and eutrophication (over ...
Trimetaphosphoric acid (or cyclotriphosphoric acid), H 3 P 3 O 9 (or (HPO 3) 3, (–P(O)(OH)–O–) 3), a cyclic molecule with three acidic hydrogens. Forms the trimetaphosphate salts and esters. Metaphosphoric acid is a general term for phosphoric acids with a single cycle, (–P(O)(OH)–O–) n, whose elemental formula is HPO 3.