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  2. Bentonite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentonite

    Bentonite layers from an ancient deposit of weathered volcanic ash tuff in Wyoming Gray shale and bentonites (Benton Shale; Colorado Springs, Colorado). Bentonite (/ ˈ b ɛ n t ə n aɪ t / BEN-tə-nyte) [1] [2] is an absorbent swelling clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite (a type of smectite) which can either be Na-montmorillonite or Ca-montmorillonite.

  3. Molding sand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molding_sand

    Green sand is an aggregate of sand, bentonite clay, pulverized coal and water. ... 1.4 million tons of steel castings, 1.7 million tons of aluminum castings, and 321 ...

  4. Sand casting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_casting

    The sand that is in contact with the casting is called facing sand, and is designed for the casting on hand. This sand will be built up around the pattern to a thickness of 30 to 100 mm (1.2 to 3.9 in). The sand that fills in around the facing sand is called backing sand. This sand is simply silica sand with only a small amount of binder and no ...

  5. Stowage factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stowage_factor

    Bulk Phosphate Stowage Factor (SF) about 0.90 m 3 /ton (32 ft 3 /ton) In fact, Ship A has space for 55,000 mtons on her holds 70,000/0.90 = 77,000 mtons or 2,470,000/32 = 77,000 mtons (rounded) However, Ship A can only take 55,000 mtons in weight of Bulk Phosphate before Ship A loadline is submerged Stowage Factor (SF) Example 2: Ship B

  6. Cubic ton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_ton

    One common such material is water, used in multiple units. For the cubic ton, the situation is more complex—there are different cubic tons for different materials. The 1964 Reader's Digest Great Encyclopaedic Dictionary gave the following ton-derived volumes: Timber, 40 cubic feet or 480.0 bd ft or 1.133 m 3; Stone, 16 cubic feet (0.453 m 3)

  7. List of countries by bentonite production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    Bentonite usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash, most often in the presence of water. However, the term bentonite, as well as a similar clay called tonstein, have been used for clay beds of uncertain origin. For industrial purposes, two main classes of bentonite exist: sodium bentonite and calcium bentonite.

  8. Tunnel boring machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_boring_machine

    Its excavation diameter was 15.62 m (51.2 ft), total length 130 m (430 ft); excavation area of 192 m 2 (2,070 sq ft), thrust value 39,485 t, total weight 4,500 tons, total installed capacity 18 MW. Its yearly energy consumption was about 62 GWh.

  9. Geology of South Dakota - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_South_Dakota

    By the mine's centennial in 1976, it was 8000 feet deep and had produced 31 million ounces of gold, seven million ounces of silver and 115 million tons of milled ore. After its closure, the location was deemed a Superfund site, although the shafts are now reused for the Sanford Underground Research Facility , the largest underground laboratory ...