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Schematic representation of two schemes to experimentally realize the Dicke model: on the left, the equilibrium approach based on the dipole coupling between the two levels and, on the right, the nonequilibrium approach based on two-photon processes, namely stimulated Raman scattering. Only the latter scheme is used to realize the Dicke model.
Magnetic dipole–dipole interaction, also called dipolar coupling, refers to the direct interaction between two magnetic dipoles. Roughly speaking, the magnetic field of a dipole goes as the inverse cube of the distance, and the force of its magnetic field on another dipole goes as the first derivative of the magnetic field. It follows that ...
It is related to the prototypical Ising model, where at each site of a lattice, a spin {} represents a microscopic magnetic dipole to which the magnetic moment is either up or down. Except the coupling between magnetic dipole moments, there is also a multipolar version of Heisenberg model called the multipolar exchange interaction .
A schematic diagram of 4 electrons scattered by 4 magnetic atoms far apart. Each atom is at the center of decaying electron waves. The electrons mediate the interactions among the atoms, whose poles can flip because of the influence of other atoms and the surrounding electrons. Reproduced from [1] and [2].
Dipole coupling of the ferromagnetic layers results in antiparallel alignment of the magnetization of the ferromagnets. Antiferromagnetism plays a crucial role in giant magnetoresistance , as had been discovered in 1988 by the Nobel Prize winners Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg (awarded in 2007) using synthetic antiferromagnets.
Monopole moments have a 1/r rate of decrease, dipole moments have a 1/r 2 rate, quadrupole moments have a 1/r 3 rate, and so on. The higher the order, the faster the potential drops off. Since the lowest-order term observed in magnetic sources is the dipole term, it dominates at large distances.
More specifically, we shall derive an analytical expression for the strength of the inter-dot Foerster coupling. It can be also shown that this coupling is, under certain conditions, of dipole-dipole type and that it is responsible for resonant exciton exchange between adjacent QD's. This is a transfer of energy only, not a tunnelling effect.
Example 1 H NMR spectrum (1-dimensional) of ethanol plotted as signal intensity vs. chemical shift.There are three different types of H atoms in ethanol regarding NMR. The hydrogen (H) on the −OH group is not coupling with the other H atoms and appears as a singlet, but the CH 3 − and the −CH 2 − hydrogens are coupling with each other, resulting in a triplet and quartet respectively.