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Criminal networks from West Africa have, in turn, spread to other regions—namely South Africa. Certain individuals central to the drug trade in West Africa carried practices and organizations to the south of the continent, where transit costs and risk of detection are relatively lower and new markets exist for harder drugs. [5]
The history of gangs in South Africa goes back to the Apartheid era. Many South African gangs began, and still exist, in urban areas. This includes cities like Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth and Johannesburg. Cape Town has between 90 and 130 gangs [1] with the South African Police Service stating a total estimated membership of 100,000. [2]
Cocaine smuggling was previously dominated by drug cartels, particularly from Colombia. Notorious cocaine cartels such as Medellin cartel and Cali cartel have both dominated the illicit cocaine trade as well as their country of Colombia. Very early on, these cartels identified the weakness of authorities in the maritime domain and used this to ...
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As a result, there was an influx in drug-trafficking across the Mexico–US border, which increased the drug cartel activity in Mexico. By the early 1990s, so much as 50% of the cocaine available in the United States market originated from Mexico, and by the 2000s, over 90% of the cocaine in the United States was imported from Mexico. [ 67 ]
East African drug trade refers to the sale and trafficking of illegal drugs that take place in East African countries like Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Somalia, and Ethiopia. . The most prevalent types of drugs traded in East Africa are heroin, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, and khat, all of which are strictly prohibited in East African countri
A drug cartel is a criminal organization composed of independent drug lords who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the illegal drug trade. Drug cartels form with the purpose of controlling the supply of the illegal drug trade and maintaining prices at a high level.
South Africa has exceptionally high rates of murder, gender-based violence, robbery and violent conflict. [104] A survey for the period 1990–2000 compiled by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ranked South Africa second for assault and murder (by all means) per capita and first for rapes per capita in a data set of 60 countries. [105]