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U-tube with piezo-electric actuator Digital density measuring principle. The oscillating U-tube is a technique to determine the density of liquids and gases based on an electronic measurement of the frequency of oscillation, from which the density value is calculated. This measuring principle is based on the Mass-Spring Model.
A density meter (densimeter) is a device which measures the density of an object or material. Density is usually abbreviated as either ρ {\displaystyle \rho } or D {\displaystyle D} . Typically, density either has the units of k g / m 3 {\displaystyle kg/m^{3}} or l b / f t 3 {\displaystyle lb/ft^{3}} .
Dynamic light scattering provides insight into the dynamic properties of soft materials by measuring single scattering events, meaning that each detected photon has been scattered by the sample exactly once. In principle, the DLS measurements can be performed with the detector positioned at any angle.
Anton Paar GmbH is an Austrian company based in Graz that develops, produces and sells analytical instruments for laboratories and process analytical technology. The company operates globally, with subsidiaries in 39 countries. [ 1 ]
A built-in density measurement based on the oscillating U-tube principle allows the determination of kinematic viscosity from the measured dynamic viscosity employing the relation =, where: ν is the kinematic viscosity (mm 2 /s), η is the dynamic viscosity (mPa·s), ρ is the density (g/cm 3).
Fig.3. Commercial heterodyne optical system of an electrophoretic light scattering instrument with a modulator (from Ref. 11). A laser beam passes through the electrophoresis cell, irradiates the particles dispersed in it, and is scattered by the particles.
Measuring combination of an automatic refractometer and a density meter as widely used in the flavors and fragrances industry Today's laboratories do not only want to measure the refractive index of samples, but several additional parameters like density or viscosity to perform efficient quality control.
A densitometer is a device that measures the degree of darkness (the optical density) of a photographic or semitransparent material or of a reflecting surface. [1] The densitometer is basically a light source aimed at a photoelectric cell . [ 2 ]