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  2. Biological pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pathway

    In cell biology, a biological pathway is a series of interactions among molecules in a cell that leads to a certain product or a change in the cell. Such a pathway can trigger the assembly of new molecules, such as a fat or protein.

  3. Function (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(biology)

    In evolutionary biology, function is the reason some object or process occurred in a system that evolved through natural selection. That reason is typically that it achieves some result, such as that chlorophyll helps to capture the energy of sunlight in photosynthesis .

  4. Metabolic pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_pathway

    In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.The reactants, products, and intermediates of an enzymatic reaction are known as metabolites, which are modified by a sequence of chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes.

  5. Upstream and downstream (transduction) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_and_downstream...

    The extracellular type II and type I kinase receptors binding to the TGF-β ligands. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a superfamily of cytokines that play a significant upstream role in regulating of morphogenesis, homeostasis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. [2]

  6. Pathway analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathway_analysis

    Pathway resources and types of pathway analysis using databases like KEGG, Reactome and WikiPathways. [1]Pathway is the term from molecular biology for a curated schematic representation of a well characterized segment of the molecular physiological machinery, such as a metabolic pathway describing an enzymatic process within a cell or tissue or a signaling pathway model representing a ...

  7. Wnt signaling pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway

    Wnt signaling was first identified for its role in carcinogenesis, then for its function in embryonic development. The embryonic processes it controls include body axis patterning, cell fate specification, cell proliferation and cell migration. These processes are necessary for proper formation of important tissues including bone, heart and muscle.

  8. Pathophysiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology

    Pathophysiology (or physiopathology) is a branch of study, at the intersection of pathology and physiology, concerning disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury.

  9. Cell signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_signaling

    Hence a catalytic receptor is an integral membrane protein possessing both enzymatic, catalytic, and receptor functions. [34] They have two important domains, an extra-cellular ligand binding domain and an intracellular domain, which has a catalytic function; and a single transmembrane helix. The signaling molecule binds to the receptor on the ...