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Examples of that car bumpers are made lighter, clothing is more stain repellant, sunscreen is more radiation resistant, synthetic bones are stronger, cell phone screens are lighter weight, glass packaging for drinks leads to a longer shelf-life, and balls for various sports are made more durable. [1]
The reinforcing material can be made up of particles (e.g. minerals), sheets (e.g. exfoliated clay stacks) or fibres (e.g. carbon nanotubes or electrospun fibres). [5] The area of the interface between the matrix and reinforcement phase(s) is typically an order of magnitude greater than for conventional composite materials.
When the tumor has been heated enough, the tumor cells begin to die. Processes like this one have been able to shrink kidney tumors by up to four-fifths. [4] Ultrablack materials, made up of “forests” of carbon nanotubes, are important in space, where there is more light than is convenient to work with.
Also, metal nanofoams can be made by electrodeposition of metals inside templates with interconnected pores, such as 3D-porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). [5] [6] [7] Such method gives nanofoams with an organized structure and allows to control the surface area and porosity of the fabricated material. [8] [9] [10]
Biomineralization is one example of the systems studied. Bionanotechnology is the use of biomolecules for applications in nanotechnology, including the use of viruses and lipid assemblies. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] Nanocellulose , a nanopolymer often used for bulk-scale applications, has gained interest owing to its useful properties such as abundance ...
Nanomaterials – field that studies materials with morphological features on the nanoscale, and especially those that have special properties stemming from their nanoscale dimensions. Fullerenes and carbon forms
Nanomaterials can also be used in three-way-catalyst applications, which have the advantage of controlling the emission of nitrogen oxides (NO x), which are precursors to acid rain and smog. [45] In core-shell structure, nanomaterials form shell as the catalyst support to protect the noble metals such as palladium and rhodium. [46]
The most common example is the production of nanocellulose from wood pulp. [38] Other examples are nanolignin, nanochitin, or nanostarches. [39] Nanoparticles with one half hydrophilic and the other half hydrophobic are termed Janus particles and are particularly effective for stabilizing emulsions.