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England, Scotland, and Ireland had shared a monarch for more than a hundred years, since the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when King James VI of Scotland inherited the English and Irish thrones from his first cousin twice removed, Queen Elizabeth I.
There have been 13 British monarchs since the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707.England and Scotland had been in personal union since 24 March 1603; while the style, "King of Great Britain" first arose at that time, legislatively the title came into force in 1707.
The longest-lived British monarch and ruler was Queen Elizabeth II, who was aged 96 years, 140 days, having surpassed her great-great-grandmother Queen Victoria on 21 December 2007, who had held the record since 18 January 1901, surpassing her own grandfather George III—just four days before her own death on 22 January 1901.
Elizabeth II, the longest-reigning monarch, reigned from 6 February 1952 until her death on 8 September 2022.. The following is a list, ordered by length of reign, of the monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1927–present), the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922), the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801), the Kingdom of England (871 ...
Barons were the lowest rank of nobility and were granted small parcels of land. Earls were the next highest rank with larger land holdings. Dukes were the highest rank and held the largest holdings, known as duchies. The monarch was the ultimate authority and was able to grant and revoke titles.
Merged with England to form Great Britain. King/Queen of Ireland: 1542 1801 Merged with Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. King/Queen of France: 1422 (disputed) 1453 (disputed) Claimed from 1340 to 1360 and 1369–1801 by the Kings of England and their successors.
The English monarchy traces its origins to the petty kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, which consolidated into the Kingdom of England by the 10th century. Anglo-Saxon England had an elective monarchy , but this was replaced by primogeniture after the Norman Conquest in 1066.
Queen of England: King Henry I Beauclerc c. 1068 –1135 r. 1100–1135 King of England: Adeliza of Louvain 1103–1151 Queen of England: Fulk the Younger 1089/1092–1143 Count of Anjou & King of Jerusalem: Matilda I c. 1105 –1152 Countess of Boulogne & Queen of England: King Stephen of Blois c. 1092 –1154 r. 1135–1141 r. 1141–1154 ...