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In a volcanic eruption, lava, volcanic bombs, ash, and various gases are expelled from a volcanic vent and fissure. While many eruptions only pose dangers to the immediately surrounding area, Earth's largest eruptions can have a major regional or even global impact, with some affecting the climate and contributing to mass extinctions.
The eruption caused a volcanic winter. During the Northern Hemisphere summer of 1816, global temperatures cooled by 0.53 °C (0.95 °F). This cooling directly or indirectly caused 90,000 deaths. The eruption of Mount Tambora was the largest cause of this climate anomaly. [22]
eruption episode L 7 Phlegraean Fields: Campanian volcanic arc: Unknown 15.7 5 Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 1.3 19.3 Green Pumice: 7 Long Island, PNG Bismarck Volcanic Arc 100 19.3 Kiau Ignimbrite 7 Zavaritzki Caldera: Simushir, Kuril Islands: 200 20 6 Rabaul: Bismarck Volcanic Arc >10 21 Kulau Ignimbrite 6 Menengai
On June 15, 1991, a rumbling Mount Pinatubo grew and grew until it exploded in the biggest volcanic eruption on Earth in 100 years. Super-pressurized, gas-charged magma burst through and a cloud ...
The 1991 eruption rated 6 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index and came some 450–500 years after the volcano's last known eruptive activity. The eruption ejected about 10 km 3 (2.4 cu mi) of material, making it the largest eruption of the 20th century since that of Novarupta in 1912 and some ten times larger than the 1980 eruption of Mount St ...
The volcanic island of Anak Krakatau in Indonesia saw an eruption on 22 December 2018 which caused a deadly tsunami, with waves surging up to five meters in height. The tsunami killed at least 437 ...
Ruang’s eruptions ejected a massive ash plume and sent some volcanic gases more than 65,000 feet into the air, according to satellite estimates – about 25,000 feet higher than a commercial ...
The 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain, a stratovolcano on the border of North Korea and China also known as Changbaishan, [1] occurred in late 946 CE. [2] [3] This event is known as the Millennium Eruption or Tianchi eruption. [4] It is one of the most powerful volcanic eruptions in recorded history; classified at least a VEI 6. [5] [6] [7]